Architecture · Transit Design · Kyoto

Demachi Yanagi

出町柳駅の屋根 — 動く建築

Redesigning a transit hub in Kyoto as a place of pause, encounter, and orientation — through spatial design and a dynamic adaptive roof.

Transit Architecture UX in Space Behavioural Design Kyoto Dynamic Structure User Research

"A station is not just a transport node — it is one of the most human spaces in a city. People arrive, wait, meet, get lost, and find their way. The design should respond to all of that."

— Katharina Gordon, project concept statement

Demachi Yanagi Station proposal — rendered view from street level, Kyoto

Demachi Yanagi Station proposal — rendered view from street level, Kyoto

Demachi Yanagi is the terminal station of both the Eizan Electric Railway and the Keihan Line — one above ground, one below. Every day, thousands of commuters, students, tourists, and locals pass through it. Many never stop. This project asks: what would it mean to design a station that people actually want to be in? Not just pass through — but arrive at.

Context

Demachi Yanagi sits at the northern edge of central Kyoto, where the Kamo River and Takano River meet. The station serves as a crossing point between the underground Keihan Line and the above-ground Eizan Railway — but also as a meeting point, a cycling hub, a shortcut, and a neighbourhood anchor. People use it without ever boarding a train. They wait here, buy coffee, lock their bikes, cut through to the river. The station is already more than transport — the design just had not caught up.

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Site analysis — people flow mapping around Demachi Yanagi Station

The Challenge

Transit spaces are designed for efficiency. They prioritize movement over experience — and at Demachi Yanagi, this creates three specific problems:

Limited opportunities to pause — the space rewards moving through, not staying
Weak spatial orientation — underground and above-ground levels feel disconnected
Minimal interaction between users — people occupy the same space without ever meeting

"The space functions as a corridor, not a place."

Understanding the Users

Rather than defining users by demographics, the project maps them by behaviour — how they move, what they need, and where they get stuck:

Commuter
Fast, goal-oriented

Knows the station well. Moves on autopilot. Values efficiency. Has no reason to stop — unless something catches their eye.

Visitor
Uncertain, searching

Arrives without a mental map. Reads the space for cues. Easily disoriented by the split between underground and above-ground levels.

Local resident
Familiar, routine-based

Uses the station as a neighbourhood hub — bikes, coffee, shortcut to the river. Relationship to the space is habitual, not transactional.

These three groups share the same space simultaneously but rarely interact. The design question becomes: how do you create conditions where their paths can cross — naturally, without forcing it?

Design Intent

The project aims to transform Demachi Yanagi from a transit corridor into a layered urban place — one that serves efficiency without sacrificing experience. Three spatial intentions guided every design decision:

Pausing instead of passing — create reasons to slow down
Observation instead of isolation — design for visibility across levels and paths
Interaction instead of separation — build thresholds where different user groups naturally converge
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Design intent diagram — from corridor to place

Spatial Strategy

間 / The Architecture of Threshold

The design introduces a series of layered platforms and thresholds — spaces that are neither fully inside nor fully outside, neither purely functional nor purely social. These in-between zones are where encounter happens. Circulation was studied carefully: where do different user groups converge? Where do paths cross? The design places moments of spatial interest — a widened landing, a view across levels, a sheltered seat — precisely at those intersections.

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Spatial organisation diagram — visibility and interaction zones across levels

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Section showing layered platforms and threshold spaces

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Axonometric — spatial organisation guiding movement and encounter

出町柳駅の屋根 — The Dynamic Roof

The most distinctive element of the proposal is a kinetic roof structure — designed to make the building itself behave like a living thing. The form is derived from the willow tree (柳) that gives Demachi Yanagi its name: branching, light, in constant motion. The roof uses a W-truss structural system with fractal solar shade panels — triangular modules that open and close automatically in response to climate, temperature, and light conditions. The concept draws on Mandelbrot's definition of fractal geometry: a structure that looks the same at every scale. Like a willow leaf, the roof panel subdivides into smaller versions of itself — creating a canopy that is structurally rigid but visually weightless.

W-truss structural system — provides stability while emphasising the fractal form
Solar-powered shade panels — move vertically in response to sun angle and temperature
Fractal geometry — self-similar structure at every scale, referencing the willow
Dynamic appearance — the building looks different at every hour of every day
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West elevation 1:100 — the dynamic roof structure

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Fractal panel system detail — willow-inspired geometry

Rendered interior view — light through the fractal canopy

Rendered interior view — light through the fractal canopy

User Experience in Space

Every spatial decision in this project is a UX decision. The roof is not just structural — it is an orientation device. Its asymmetric form creates a clear sense of direction. The light it filters changes throughout the day, marking time without a clock. The layered floors create a visible relationship between levels — you can see where you are going before you get there. The platforms create moments of pause built into the flow of movement.

Commuter journey
Enter station Immediately oriented by roof form Move efficiently Notice activity in shared zone Option to pause or continue Exit
Visitor journey
Enter Feel uncertain Read spatial cues — light / openness / structure Navigate intuitively Arrive at interaction zone Slow down Explore

Behavioural user journeys — the same space, experienced differently

Process

The design evolved through cycles of site observation, circulation mapping, structural experimentation, and spatial testing. People flow analysis on the site informed the placement of every threshold and platform.

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People flow analysis — mapping movement patterns around the station

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Early spatial diagrams — exploring circulation and visibility

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Structural studies — W-truss and fractal panel iterations

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Floor plan studies — ground, second, and third level layouts

Outcome

The final proposal transforms Demachi Yanagi Station into a layered urban environment — one that serves commuters efficiently while giving visitors orientation, and giving locals a reason to stay. The dynamic roof makes the building responsive: it changes with the weather, the season, and the time of day. The station becomes a place that people notice, remember, and return to — not just pass through.

Demachi Yanagi proposal — street level perspective

Demachi Yanagi proposal — street level perspective

Reflection

What this project taught me is that every transit space is already a UX problem — it just isn't always framed that way. People are confused, rushed, or isolated not because they lack willpower, but because the space gives them no other option. Designing the roof was the moment I understood that architecture and interaction design are asking the same question: how does this person feel right now, and what does the environment do to help them? That question is what I want to pursue at Malmö — with more tools, more rigour, and more people to think alongside.